Bacillus subtilis is the potential probiotic species. Spores of various Bacillus species including B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. pumillis, B. clausii, B. amyloliquefaciance, B. coagulance are being used as probiotic. Bacillus species are highly resistant to heat, spore forming and ideal food additives for animal. B. subtilis has the ability to produce large number of secretory proteins, enzymes and antimicrobial compounds (Bacteriocin). B. subtilis species are gaining interest in human health related to food research with their enhanced tolerance and survivability under hostile environment of gut. These bacilli are more stable during storage, processing of food and pharmaceutical preparation. B. subtilis is associated with beneficial bioactivities such as production of vitamins and immune stimulation, It has great potential to be used as an alternative to antimicrobial drug. Inoculations of B. subtilis strain WS-1 by oral feeding in animal were able to inhibit diarrhea and also death caused by pathogenic E. coli in animal. B. subtilis WS-1 strain could protect small intestine from lesion caused by E. coli infection. B. subtilis is also considered as plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, under stressful condition they produce volatile organic compound (VOC) and helps to resist pathogenic attack. In another aspect, non-recombinant and recombinant spores of B. subtilis used as a delivery system of mucosal immunization. Thus, B. subtilis as potential probiotic has shown its effectiveness as anti-diarrheal, antimicrobial, immunomodulator, improve growth performance, improve gut microflora, plant growth promoter and carrier in mucosal drug delivery system.
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